Addiction and mental health programs provide structured care for people whose symptoms, substance use, or behavioral patterns are interfering with health, relationships, work, and daily stability. These concerns frequently overlap, which means treating only substance use or only emotional symptoms may leave important parts of the problem unaddressed. Rainbow Hill Recovery provides outpatient programs for adults who need support for substance use disorders, mental health conditions, or a combination of both. Our available levels of care include a Partial Hospitalization Program, Intensive Outpatient Programs, an Outpatient Program, and a Virtual Intensive Outpatient Program.
Prescription drug addiction is a substance use disorder involving compulsive or uncontrolled medication use despite harmful consequences. Someone may experience intense cravings, repeatedly take more medication than intended, or continue using after problems develop at work, school, home, or within important relationships. Addiction is not determined solely by the type of prescription, the dosage, or whether the medication originally came from a healthcare professional. A clinical assessment considers impaired control, risky behavior, cravings, tolerance, withdrawal, and the effect that medication use has had on the person’s overall functioning.
Prescription drug misuse is a broader term that includes using medication in any way not directed by a medical professional. This can involve using another person’s prescription, taking a higher dosage, taking the medication more often, or using it for a feeling or effect rather than its intended purpose. Misuse does not automatically mean that someone has developed an addiction, but it can increase the risk of dependence, overdose, dangerous interactions, and a substance use disorder. Understanding the person’s complete pattern is therefore more useful than making assumptions based on a single incident.
Prescription medication misuse affects millions of people throughout the United States. The 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health estimated that 13.8 million people aged 12 or older misused prescription psychotherapeutic medications during the previous year. This total included 7.6 million people who misused prescription opioids, 4.6 million who misused prescription tranquilizers or sedatives, and 3.9 million who misused prescription stimulants. These groups may overlap because some individuals misuse more than one type of medication.
The reasons people misuse medications are not always recreational. Among people who misused prescription pain relievers in 2024, 70.1% said the main reason for their most recent misuse was to relieve physical pain. Federal data also found that 42.3% obtained the medication used during their most recent misuse from a friend or relative in some way. These findings show that prescription drug problems can begin through attempts to manage legitimate pain or through medication that appears familiar and safe because it came from someone the person knows.
LGBTQIA+ people may face stress related to discrimination, rejection, identity concealment, family conflict, harassment, unsafe relationships, or previous negative healthcare experiences. Sexual orientation and gender identity do not cause addiction, and affirming treatment should never treat a client’s identity as something that needs to be changed. These experiences may nevertheless affect anxiety, depression, trauma symptoms, trust in healthcare providers, and the ways someone attempts to cope. Treatment should provide room to discuss identity-related concerns when they are relevant without assuming every LGBTQIA+ client has the same history.
A client may also worry that discussing medication misuse will cause a healthcare provider to dismiss legitimate pain, anxiety, sleep, or attention concerns. Transgender and gender-diverse clients may have additional concerns about whether addiction treatment will be coordinated respectfully with hormone therapy or other medical care. Affirming treatment considers the whole person, including their identity, chosen family, relationships, medications, mental health, and personal recovery goals. At Rainbow Hill Recovery, our outpatient services are designed to provide respectful and affirming support for LGBTQIA+ adults experiencing substance use and mental health concerns.
Prescription drug addiction may develop gradually, making early warning signs easy to overlook. Someone may continue working or caring for family while privately worrying about running out, taking additional doses, or hiding how much medication they use. Partners, friends, or relatives may notice changes in alertness, memory, reliability, mood, finances, or behavior. A qualified assessment is needed because these changes can also have medical or psychological causes unrelated to addiction.
Common warning signs may include:
The signs can differ depending on the medication being used. Opioid misuse may cause unusual drowsiness, pinpoint pupils, slowed breathing, or repeated periods of nodding off. Sedative misuse may result in slurred speech, poor coordination, confusion, memory gaps, or falls, while stimulant misuse may cause sleeplessness, rapid speech, anxiety, agitation, or an elevated heart rate. The pattern becomes especially concerning when medication use continues despite clear harm to health, safety, relationships, or daily functioning.
Physical dependence occurs when the body adapts to ongoing medication exposure and reacts when the medication is reduced, delayed, or stopped. It can develop even when someone takes a prescription exactly as instructed, particularly with opioids and benzodiazepines. Addiction more commonly involves cravings, impaired control, compulsive behavior, or continued use despite substantial harm. A person may experience dependence, addiction, medication misuse, or a combination of these concerns.
This distinction matters because people should not be shamed for experiencing a biological response to prescribed medication. Someone who develops withdrawal symptoms during medically appropriate treatment has not automatically developed a substance use disorder. However, dependence still requires careful medical attention because stopping certain medications suddenly can create severe health risks. A qualified professional can evaluate the pattern and determine whether the central concern is physical dependence, addiction, an undertreated medical condition, or several overlapping issues.
There is no single cause of prescription drug addiction, and developing a substance use disorder is not evidence of weak character. Risk may be influenced by genetics, family history, trauma, chronic pain, anxiety, depression, insomnia, repeated medication exposure, and the use of alcohol or other substances. Easy access to prescriptions, unused medication in the home, peer sharing, and seeking prescriptions from multiple sources can also strengthen the pattern. The combination of biological vulnerability, emotional distress, and environmental access can make medication use increasingly difficult to control.
A medication may initially provide relief from pain, panic attacks, sleeplessness, grief, traumatic memories, or difficulty concentrating. Over time, the person may begin relying on it not only for the original condition but also to manage stress, relationships, work demands, loneliness, or other emotions. Tolerance may then lead to higher doses or more frequent use, while withdrawal can make reducing the medication feel frightening or physically unbearable. Effective treatment must therefore address what the medication has been helping the person manage as well as the consequences that have developed.
Prescription opioids are commonly used to treat moderate or severe pain and may include hydrocodone, oxycodone, codeine, morphine, and certain fentanyl products. These medications can reduce pain and produce relaxation or euphoria, but they can also slow breathing and create a substantial overdose risk. Regular exposure may lead to tolerance and physical dependence, while misuse can develop into opioid use disorder. Illegally manufactured fentanyl is different from pharmaceutical fentanyl and may be added to counterfeit pills without the buyer’s knowledge.
Sedatives, tranquilizers, and anti-anxiety medications slow activity within the central nervous system. This category includes benzodiazepines such as alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, and lorazepam, as well as certain prescription sleep medications. The FDA requires benzodiazepines to carry a prominent warning regarding abuse, misuse, addiction, physical dependence, and withdrawal. Combining these medications with opioids, alcohol, or other sedating substances can further suppress breathing and increase the possibility of coma or death.
Prescription stimulants may be used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and certain other conditions. Common stimulant medications include amphetamine products, dextroamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, and methylphenidate. Misuse may involve taking larger doses, using someone else’s medication, crushing pills, or taking the drug to remain awake, study longer, lose weight, or experience euphoria. The FDA has strengthened warnings for this medication class because prescription stimulants carry risks of misuse, addiction, overdose, and sharing.
Withdrawal symptoms depend on the type of medication, dosage, duration of use, and the person’s health. Opioid withdrawal may cause sweating, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety, insomnia, and intense cravings. Stimulant withdrawal may involve exhaustion, increased sleep, depressed mood, irritability, poor concentration, and powerful urges to resume use. Although these symptoms differ, each can create a high risk of returning to medication use without proper support.
Benzodiazepine withdrawal can be particularly dangerous and should not be managed without medical guidance. Abrupt discontinuation or an overly rapid dosage reduction can cause severe anxiety, agitation, confusion, hallucinations, or seizures. Rainbow Hill Recovery does not treat active withdrawal symptoms or active, untreated psychosis, so clients who need withdrawal management must first receive an appropriate medical or psychiatric evaluation. Once medically stable, they may be assessed for our outpatient programs and continuing behavioral support.
Rainbow Hill Recovery offers Partial Hospitalization, Intensive Outpatient, Outpatient, and Virtual IOP services for adults who are clinically appropriate for outpatient care. PHP provides the greatest level of outpatient structure, including therapy, addiction education, relapse prevention, psychiatric support, and case management when needed. IOP offers regular structured programming while allowing clients to live at home or in an appropriate sober living environment. OP provides more flexible continuing support for clients who need fewer treatment hours or are transitioning from a higher level of care.
Program placement is based on withdrawal risk, medical stability, substance use severity, mental health symptoms, living conditions, daily responsibilities, and available support. Outpatient care is not appropriate during an active overdose, untreated withdrawal, untreated psychosis, or another condition that prevents safe participation. Some people may need medical stabilization or another level of care before beginning one of our programs. Once stable, clients can work on cravings, triggers, emotional health, relationships, daily structure, and long-term recovery planning.
Prescription drug overdose can occur when a medication is taken in a toxic amount or combined with other substances that intensify its effects. Opioids and sedatives are especially dangerous when used together because both can suppress breathing and consciousness. Stimulant overdose may cause dangerous overheating, chest pain, abnormal heart rhythms, seizures, severe agitation, or stroke. Suspected overdose, stopped or slowed breathing, blue or gray lips, seizure, severe confusion, chest pain, hallucinations, or loss of consciousness requires immediate emergency assistance.
The United States recorded 79,384 drug overdose deaths in 2024, including 54,045 deaths involving an opioid. Of those opioid-involved deaths, 47,735 involved synthetic opioids other than methadone, while 7,989 involved natural or semisynthetic opioids. These categories can involve more than one substance and do not mean every death resulted solely from a medication obtained through a prescription. The figures nevertheless demonstrate why medication misuse, counterfeit pills, polysubstance use, and overdose prevention must be discussed during treatment.
Naloxone can rapidly reverse an opioid overdose when administered in time. It should be used whenever an opioid overdose is suspected, even if the person believes they used only a prescription pill, because counterfeit medications may contain fentanyl. More than one dose may be needed, and emergency medical assistance is still necessary after the person responds. Partners, family members, chosen family, roommates, and other supportive people can benefit from knowing where naloxone is stored and how to use it.
Prescription drug overdose can occur when a medication is taken in a toxic amount or combined with other substances that intensify its effects. Opioids and sedatives are especially dangerous when used together because both can suppress breathing and consciousness. Stimulant overdose may cause dangerous overheating, chest pain, abnormal heart rhythms, seizures, severe agitation, or stroke. Suspected overdose, stopped or slowed breathing, blue or gray lips, seizure, severe confusion, chest pain, hallucinations, or loss of consciousness requires immediate emergency assistance.
The United States recorded 79,384 drug overdose deaths in 2024, including 54,045 deaths involving an opioid. Of those opioid-involved deaths, 47,735 involved synthetic opioids other than methadone, while 7,989 involved natural or semisynthetic opioids. These categories can involve more than one substance and do not mean every death resulted solely from a medication obtained through a prescription. The figures nevertheless demonstrate why medication misuse, counterfeit pills, polysubstance use, and overdose prevention must be discussed during treatment.
Naloxone can rapidly reverse an opioid overdose when administered in time. It should be used whenever an opioid overdose is suspected, even if the person believes they used only a prescription pill, because counterfeit medications may contain fentanyl. More than one dose may be needed, and emergency medical assistance is still necessary after the person responds. Partners, family members, chosen family, roommates, and other supportive people can benefit from knowing where naloxone is stored and how to use it.
Treatment begins with a detailed assessment of current medications, prescriptions, withdrawal history, physical health, mental health, trauma, other substance use, relationships, and living conditions. The assessment helps determine whether the client requires medical stabilization before entering outpatient treatment. It also identifies the circumstances, thoughts, emotions, and routines connected to medication use. A personalized plan can then address both the substance-related behavior and the underlying reasons the medication became difficult to manage.
Behavioral therapy may help clients recognize automatic patterns and develop healthier responses to pain, anxiety, insomnia, stress, and cravings. Dialectical Behavior Therapy can strengthen emotional regulation, mindfulness, distress tolerance, and interpersonal skills. EMDR and trauma-informed care may support clients whose medication use is connected to trauma, avoidance, shame, or recurring emotional distress. Rainbow Hill Recovery also uses individual therapy, group therapy, case management, psychiatric services, relapse-prevention education, and additional evidence-based or experiential approaches according to each person’s treatment plan.
Medication may remain part of treatment when it is medically necessary and used under appropriate supervision. For opioid use disorder, FDA-approved medications include buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone, although availability and suitability depend on the treatment setting and evaluation by a qualified prescriber. Other clients may need psychiatric medication management for a co-occurring mental health condition rather than medication specifically for the substance use disorder. Treatment decisions should be coordinated carefully so recovery does not require ignoring legitimate medical or mental health needs.
Prescription medication triggers may include physical pain, panic symptoms, sleeplessness, work pressure, medication bottles, pharmacies, particular people, or memories of past use. Relapse-prevention planning helps clients identify these warning signs and choose specific actions before cravings become overwhelming. A plan may include contacting a supportive person, attending therapy, using coping skills, following medication safeguards, and removing unused prescriptions from the home. Clients can practice these responses during treatment so they are easier to use during difficult situations outside the program.
Recovery continues after a structured phase of treatment ends. Rainbow Hill Recovery’s aftercare services may include regular check-ins, ongoing individual therapy, support groups, relapse-prevention education, employment or life-skills resources, and connections to supportive recovery environments. Continued care helps clients address renewed cravings, pain, anxiety, relationship changes, and other challenges before they become larger problems. Our goal is to help each person build a stable life supported by practical skills, meaningful relationships, accountability, and affirming community.
Rainbow Hill Recovery provides LGBTQIA+-affirming outpatient care for adults who need help addressing prescription drug addiction alongside mental health symptoms, trauma, relationships, and daily responsibilities. Our multiple levels of care allow treatment intensity to be matched to the client’s medical stability, symptoms, schedule, strengths, and recovery goals. Clients may receive individual and group therapy, psychiatric support, medication evaluation, trauma-informed care, relapse-prevention education, and personalized aftercare planning. We create a respectful environment where clients can discuss medication use honestly without being shamed or asked to hide important parts of who they are.
Someone does not need to wait for an overdose, job loss, damaged relationship, or another major crisis before asking for support. An assessment can clarify whether the primary concern is medication misuse, physical dependence, addiction, a co-occurring mental health condition, or several overlapping issues. Rainbow Hill Recovery combines structured outpatient programming with affirming care, psychiatric support, trauma-informed therapy, practical recovery education, and continuing community connection. Call (310) 341-4887 to speak with our Los Angeles team about prescription drug addiction treatment and the next appropriate step.
Joie Gyondla serves as Rainbow Hill Recovery’s Clinical Support Coordinator, bringing compassion, empathy, and a genuine commitment to supporting every client who walks through our doors. With a background in recovery support, Joie understands the importance of creating a welcoming, organized, and affirming environment where individuals feel seen, valued, and supported throughout their treatment journey.
Working closely with both clients and the clinical team, Joie helps ensure that each person’s experience is as seamless as possible, providing encouragement, guidance, and practical support every step of the way. Her calm presence and dedication to helping others foster a sense of safety and connection that allows clients to focus on what matters most: their recovery.
Joie believes that healing begins with compassion and that even the smallest acts of kindness can make a lasting difference. She is proud to be part of the Rainbow Hill Recovery team, helping create a community where every individual is empowered to build a healthier, more authentic future.
Co-Founder of the LGBTQ+ Association for Addiction and Mental Health Professionals Clinical Outreach Specialist for Rainbow Hill Recovery LGBTQ Sensitivity Training Consultant
Steven Buffin-Stewart is the Case Manager at Rainbow Hill Recovery, with over five years of experience in substance use and mental health treatment. A CADC ll professional in recovery themselves, Steven combines clinical knowledge with lived experience to provide compassionate, coordinated care and foster inclusive, affirming spaces where clients feel supported, empowered, and hopeful in their healing journey.
Steven Buffin-Stewart is the Program and Case Manager at Rainbow Hill Recovery, with over five years of experience in substance use and mental health treatment. A CADC ll professional in recovery themselves, Steven combines clinical knowledge with lived experience to provide compassionate, coordinated care and foster inclusive, affirming spaces where clients feel supported, empowered, and hopeful in their healing journey.
Janae Borrego serves as Rainbow Hill Recovery’s Cross-Cultural Relations Officer and Outpatient Therapist, where she combines her clinical expertise with a deep commitment to fostering an inclusive, culturally responsive environment for every client. Her ability to understand, appreciate, and navigate diverse cultural perspectives has made her an invaluable leader as Rainbow Hill continues to grow and evolve.
In her role, Janae works to strengthen cultural understanding throughout the organization, ensuring that clients, families, and staff feel respected, heard, and represented. She provides ongoing guidance on cultural sensitivity and inclusive practices while helping shape programs that honor the unique identities, backgrounds, and lived experiences of those we serve.
As an Outpatient Therapist, Janae is dedicated to helping clients navigate recovery, mental health, and life’s challenges with compassion, authenticity, and evidence-based care. She believes that meaningful healing begins when individuals feel safe to show up as their authentic selves and receive support that acknowledges the whole person.
Janae is passionate about creating spaces where diversity is celebrated, connection is strengthened, and every individual has the opportunity to heal and thrive. Her leadership continues to advance Rainbow Hill Recovery’s mission of providing affirming, trauma-informed care that meets the evolving needs of the communities we serve.
With over a decade of experience in addiction recovery, Andrew is passionate about helping individuals reclaim their lives and find lasting healing. As Co-founder and Director of Rainbow Hill Recovery, he is dedicated to creating a supportive environment that fosters hope, resilience, and transformation.
Joey Bachrach is the Co-Founder and CEO of Rainbow Hill Recovery, an LGBTQ-affirming mental health and substance use treatment center in Los Angeles. Drawing from both professional leadership and lived recovery experience, Joey is dedicated to creating safe, inclusive spaces where individuals are fully seen, affirmed, and supported on their healing journey.